Einstein was searching for the reason that gravity applies the same force for all bodies to fall at the same rate.
Galileo developed a theory of the tides that explained the tides of the earth. He concluded that it was due to the motion of the earth around the sun. However, this was a problem because for his theory to be true there would need to be one high tide at noon every day. In fact, tides rise and recede twice every day.
In the earth-moon system, the earth and the moon rotate around a common center of mass. This point is actually inside the earth, three-fourths of the distance from the center to the surface. The strange wobbling motion of the earth is a Keplerian orbit of the center of the earth around the center of mass of the earth-moon system. Only the center of the earth is in exactly the rigt orbit. On the side closest to the moon, the moon's gravity is too strong, and the water bulges as it is pulled towards the moon. On the opposite side the moon's gravity is too weak to hold it in place so it bulges as it tries to escape. As the earth wobbles around the earth-moon center of mass, it also rotates on its axis. As the earth rotates it passes beneath the bulges. At those locations where the rotating Earth passes under the rising water, high tides occur. At the points between, low tides occur; two high tides and two low tides. The sun plays a role in the tides at about half of the strength of the moon because of the distance between the earth and the sun. At "new moon" of full moon, the earth, moon, and sun fall in a staight line and the forces of gravity reinforce eachother to create the largest high tides and the smallest low tides.
Kepler's Three Laws:
2nd - dA/dt = constant
3rd - T^2 = (4pi^2/GM) a^3
dA/dt = L/2M Integrating Kepler's second law through one period, where the period of a planet's orbit is proportional to its area.
T = 2A/L/M holds true for many types of motion
F = -G M Mo/r^2 (r^)
F = m a
a = -D/Mr^2 (r^)
This motion depicts an elliptical orbit whose size depends on L/M ue to Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
L^2/DM/(1+ecos(theta))
T = 2A/sqrt(GMoa(1-e^2)) Area = pi a^2 sqrt(1-e^2)
T = 2pi/sqrt(GMo) (a^3) - 4pi^2 is the gravitational constant and the mass of the sun connects T^2 to a^3 for every planet.
T^2 = 4pi^2/GM0 (a^3)
Although this desribes the mechanical properties of the universe, Einstein used gravity, time, an space to solve the deepest mysteries of the cosmos.
Inertial mass and grvitational mass are the same for all bodies in the universe for the Law of Falling Bodies to occur. For this to happen, Einstein searched for a profound law of nature for the law to be veritable. This led to the Theory of Relativity.
The Principle of Equivalence states that there is constant gravity and acceleration that cause bodies to fall at same rate.
The Law of Falling Bodies and the mysterious equality of gravitational mass and inertial mass would be explained if the following fundamental principle were true:
Objects do not fall because of gravity, but appear to fall due to the acceleration of the Earth uppward into space.
Einstein used a beam of light to explain this theory. Einstein stated that in space light would bend downward slightly, and on earth light would bend downward slightly due to the force of the earth's gravity that causes light to not travel in straight lines.
Einstein observed light during an eclipse and was correct about the manner in which light travels.
In theory, there are no straight lines in space. Instead, the shortest distance is known as geodesic on any globe or surface.
Light is bent by the gravity of the sun, but travels inertially along the shortest distance between any two points in local curved space time.
Einstein eliminated gravity and attributed the order of universe to the curved space time. However, how does mass cause space time to curve? Einstein died before this question could be answered, however, under extreme conditions in the universe, only Einstein's Theory of Relativity holds true.
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